Imbangela Yokungcola Kwamanzi

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Causes of water pollution

Ukuyohlala kwabantu abaningi emadolobheni

Urbanisation causing water pollution Njengoba iningi labantu beyohlala kumadolobhakazi namadolobha, kukhona izinto eziningana ezibangela ukungcola kwamanzi:

ukuphazanyiswa komhlaba ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezindlu, izimboni, imigwaqo nokunye;
ukungcolisa okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali avela kwizimboni, izimayini, nokunye;
ukungachithwa kahle kwendle, kanye nokusetshenzwa kwendle;
ukusetshenziswa kwakhulu kwama-fertilizer ukukhulisa ukudla okuningi. Lokhu kunomphumela wokungezeleka kwama-nutrient (ama-nitrate nama-phosphate) emanzini, okubangela ukukhula kakhulu kwezimila emanzini (alga blooms). Uma le-material yezimila ifa ibola, amabhaktheriya asebenzisa i-oxygen emanzini. Lokhu kwehliswa kwezinga le-oxygen emanzini, kubangela ukufa kwezinto eziphila emanzini ezidinga i-oxygen ukuze ziphile, ezifana nezinhlanzi, nokunye. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-eutrophication;
izibi, ezibangela izifo kanti futhi ezonomphumela omubi ngokungcolisa kabi.

Ukuqedwa kwezihlahla

Ukususa izihlahla ngenhloso yezolimo kanye nokunweba izindawo zamadolobhakazi kubangela ukungcola kwamanzi. Uma umhlabathi ususwa izimila eziwuvikele, lo mhlaba uyakhukhuleka. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amanzi angacwebi abesamdaka, okungabangela okulandelayo:

kuvala izinto zokuphefumula zezinhlanzi;
izimila eziphila ngaphansi, azikwazi ukwenza ukudla kwazo ngokusebenzisa ilanga (photosynthesize) ngoba imisebe yelanga ayikwazi ukuzifinyelela; kanti futhi
kuba nokungezeleleka kwazifo njengoba amabhaktheriya kanye namavayirasi esebenzisa izicucwana zomhlabathi njengendlela yokuzihambisa nokuzidlulisa.

Umfula Ongcolile IVaal Dam

Polluted river and vaal dam

Ukwenza amadamu emifuleni

Ukwenza amadamu emifuleni kungaba nemiphumela emanzini ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

Amanzi avela emadanyini:
- asephungule izinto ezintanta emanzini ngoba ubuningi bazo buzika phansi emadanyini;
- ama-nutrient ayaphunguleka; kanti futhi
- avamise ukuba ne-saline kakhulu (ukuba sabusawoti)
nokuba nomphumela omubi ngezansi kwezolimo kanye nezezinhlanzi.
Kungaba nokungezeleka kwe-eutrophication ngenxa yokuthi amanzi achithe isikhathi esiningi esemadanyini.
Kukhona nokuhwamuka kakhulu kwamanzi emadanyini, ikakhulukazi kulawo madamu anabe kakhulu njenge-Vaal Dam.

Ukonakala kwezindawo zamaxhaphozi

Wetlands in South Africa Amaxhaphozi yindlela yemvelo yokuhlanzekisa amanzi kanye nokuwenza amadamu emvelo (amaxhaphozi agcina amanzi ehlobo ebese ewakhipha kancane-kancane ebusika).
Ukonakala kwezindawo zamaxhaphozi:

Kona indawo yemvelo yezinyoni nezinhlanzi;
Kususa izinto ezicwenga amanzi ngokwemvelo, nezigcina izinto ezingcolisa amanzi ezifana nama-phosphorus kanye nezinsinjana ezisindayo;
Kususa amadamu emvelo kanye nokubanga izikhukhula kwezinye izindawo ezingezansi.

Izimboni

Industry causing pollution Izimboni zikhipha udoti (produce waste) ongabangela okulandelayo:

ukuthinta kabi i-pH yamanzi (ngisho noma ngabe yi-acid, i-neutral noma i-alkaline);
umbala wamanzi;
inani lama-nutrient (ukwanda kwama-nutrient kungabangela i-eutrophication);
izinga lokushisa (ukunyusa noma ukuphungula izinga lokushisa kungaba nomphumela wokuthi izinto eziphila emanzini zingaphili kahle emanzini);
izinga lamaminerali nosawoti (uma liphezulu lingabangela izinkinga zezempilo);
ukudungeka kwamanzi (okungavala ama-gill okuphefumula kwezinhlanzi, kanti izimila eziphansi emanzini azikwazi ukusebenzisa ilanga ukwenza ukudla kwazo (photosynthesize) njengoba imisebe yelanga ingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo, ukungezeleka kwezifo njengoba amabhaktheriya kanye namavayirasi esebenzisa izicucwana zomhlabathi ukuzidlulisa nokuzihambisa).

Izimayini

Mining causing pollution Izimayini zikhipha udoti (waste):

kungabangela ukwenyuka kwamaminerali nosawoti emanzini (uma kukuningi kubangela izinkinga zempilo);
ukuthinta kabi i-pH yamanzi (ngisho noma ngabe iyi-acid, i-neutral noma iyi-alkaline);
kungabangela ukudungeka kwamanzi kakhulu.

Ezolimo

Agriculture

Kubangela ukukhukhuleka komhlaba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwawo lapho ulinywa kususwa nezimila ezokuwo ngenxa yokupuluha, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu njengamadlelo, ukususwa kwezihlahla kanye nokwakha imigwaqo. Lokhu kubangela ukudungeka kwamanzi kanye nenani likasawoti namaminerali emanzini;
Ukungezeleka kwama-nutrient ngenxa yama-fertiliser nendle okubangela ukunyuka kakhulu kwenani le-nitrate nama-phosphate emanzini (lokhu okubangela i-eutrophication);
Ukunyuka kokusetshenziswa kwama-pesticide.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-eneji (ugesi)

Energy use in South Africa

Njengoba inani labantu liya ngokwanda, kudingeke i-eneji eningi yokusetshenziswa ngabantu kwizinto ezifana nokupheka, ukukhanyisa, nokunye. Iningi le-eneji (i-elektrisithi) eNingizimu Afrika livela ekubasweni kwamalahle eziteshini zikagesi kanti lokhu kubangela ekukhafulweni kwentuthu ene-sulphur kanye nitrogen, ingene kwi-athimosfiya. La magesi akhafulwayo (gas) yiwo abanga kakhulu imvula ye-acid. Kanti futhi nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide, evela kumalahle ashiswayo, kubangele ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa komhlaba (global warming).

Ukungcoliseka kwamanzi ngengozi

Accidental water polllution

Ukungcoliseka kwamanzi ngengozi kungavela kwizinto eziningi (ezifana nokuqhuma kwamapayipi namathangi, ukuvuza kakhulu, imililo kanye nokuchitheka kuka-oyela) kanti futhi kungabangela umonakalo wamazinga ehlukene, kuncike ngenani lezinto ezivuzayo noma ezichithekile, ubuthi kanye nokuqhubeka kwalezo zinto ezingcolisayo, kanye nomthamo wamanzi kanye nokujwayela kwamanzi.

Ikusasa

Uma lokhu kuyisimo samanzi okwamanje, ngabe kuzokwenzekani ngekusasa. INingizimu Afrika ingakha amanye amadamu kanye nezikimu zokudlulisa amanzi, ukukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle (desalinate sea water), icele amanzi kumazwe angomakhelwane kwimifula enjengo-Zambezi eZimbabwe, ukusebenzisa amanzi futhi amanzi angcolisiwe, noma ukuhlanzekisa amanzi kadoti ovela ezimayini. Kodwa zonke lezi zixazululo ziyabiza kanti futhi izwe ngeke laba nezimali ezingaka zokwenza lokhu. Maqondana nekhwalithi yamanzi, iNingizimu Afrika ingahlanzekisa imifula kanye nokubeka amafayini aphezulu kulabo bantu/noma lezo zinkampani ezingcolisa imifula. Kodwa lezi zixazululo zibhekana nezinto eziyizimpawu (ama-symptom) zenkinga. Kumele sibhekane nezimbangela zenkinga, okusho ukuthi IMIQONDO yethu maqondana namanzi.

Ikusasa leNingizimu Afrika lisezandleni ZETHU. Kanti futhi SINGAKWAZI ukwenza umehluko. Kumele nje siqondisise isimo samanzi kanye nokuthi thina bantu siphathelene kanjani nawo Kumele sibe “Nobukhaliphi ngaManzi”! Ngabe kusho ukuthini ukuba “Nobukhaliphi Ngamanzi”?

Ukuba “Nobukhaliphi Ngamanzi” kusho ukuthi umuntu ozokwenza okulandelayo:

uzoba NENHLONIPHO enkulu yamanzi nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo;
uzosebenzisa amanci ngokucophelela ANGAWAXHAPHAZI kabi;
angaNGCOLISI kabi imifula ngezinto eziwuketshezi neziyigaxa ezifana nendle (solid waste);
AKHOKHELE amasevisi amanzi;
athathe ISINYATHELO sokuxazulula izinkinga zamanzi;
ONGE amanzi, kanti ngokwenza njalo uzobe WONGA nesimo semvelo.

Empeleni iNingizimu Afrika iyizwe elingenawo amanzi enele, kanti ikhwalithi yala manzi isengozini ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwayo kanye nokoniwa kwezindawo ezikhongozela amanzi. Amanzi angumthombo osemqoka wempilo, kanti kusemahlombe ethu SONKE bantu baseNingizimu Afrika ukuziphatha ngendlela enomqondo kwizimpilo zethu zemihla ngemihla kanye nokunakekela imithombo ebalulekile yamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi la manzi angatholakali ngokwenele ayakwazi ukusetshenziswa yiyo yonke into eyimpilo emhlabeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu abe “Nobukhaliphi Ngamanzi”.