Disosa tsa tshilafatso ya metsi
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Toropofatso
Jwalo ka ha batho ba bangata ba tla ditoropong le ditorotswaneng, ho ba le dintho tse ngata tse bakang tshilafatso:
- tshitiso e etsuwang mobung ka baka la ho haha matlo, diindasteri, mebila, jj.
- tshilafatso ya dikhemikhale ho tswa diindastering, merafong, jj.;
- pokello le tlhwekiso e sa lekanang ya diswiritjhi;
- keketseho ya menontsha bakeng sa ho lema dijo. Hona ho baka keketseho ya di-nutrient (di-nitrate le di-phosphate) metsing ho bakang kgolo e hodimo ya dimela (di-algal bloom). Ha methiriele ena ya dimela e shwa e bile e bola baktheria e sebedisa oksejene e metsing. Ho theoha hona ha oksejene ho baka ho shwa ha diphedi tse ding tsa metsing tse hlokang oksejene hore di phele, mohlala, ditlhapi, jj. Tshebetso ena e bitswa eutrophication.
- Matlakala, a bakang bolwetse mme a bile a na le sephetho se bohehang se le sebe.
Ho pongwa ha difate
Ho tlosa difate mobung bakeng sa temo le ho hodisa toropo hangata ho baka tshilafatso ya metsi. Ha mobu o tlositswe dimela tse ka o sireletsang moo ho ka ba le kgoholeho. Hona ho eketsa ho fifala ha metsi ho ka bakang ho latelang:
- ho ka thiba di-gill tsa ditlhapi;
- dimela tse dulang tlase metsing ha di kgone ho iketsetsa dijo hobane mahlasedi a letsatsi ha a kgone ho fihla ho tsona; mme
- ho na le keketseho ya bolwetse jwalo ka ha baktheria le divaerase di sebedisa dikarolwana tsa mobu jwalo ka mokgwa wa tsamaiso.
Noka e Tshilafetseng Letamo la Vaal
Ho bopeha ha matamo dinokeng
Ho bopeha ha matamo dinokeng ho ba le sephetho metsing ka ditsela tse latelang:
- Metsi a phallang ho tswa matamong:
- a na le methiriele e hodimo e fokoditsweng jwalo ka ha palo e kgolo e dula tlase matamong;
- di-nutrient tsa ona ha di sa na molemo; mme
- hangata a letswai
- ka diphetho tse kotsi temong le botshwasing ba ditlhapi bo tla moo metsi ao a phallelang teng.
- Ho ka ba le eutrophication e ngata haholo ka baka la hore metsi a nka nako e telele a le letamong.
- Hape ho na le moyafalo o mongata matamong, haholoholo ao a nang le sebaka se seholo, jwalo ka Letamo la Vaal.
Tshenyo ya meqhafutso
Meqhafutso ke tsela ya tlhaho ya ho hlwekisa metsi le bopa letamo la metsi (e tshwara metsi lehlabula e be e wa lokolla mariha).
Tshenyo ya meqhafutso:
- Ho senya diphedi tsa sebaka tse jwalo ka dinonyana le ditlhapi tse ngata;
- Ho tlosa disefe tsa tlhaho tse kgonang ho boloka le ho fokodisa dintho tse nagata tse silafatsang, tse jwalo ka phosphorus le dimethale tse boima;
- Ho senya matamo a tlhaho e be ho baka dikgohola ha metsi ha phula e theosa.
Diindasteri
Diindasteri di hlahisa dikgwerekgwere tse ka mang:
- ka ama pH ya metsi (hore na ke asete, ho mahareng kapa ke alkaline)
- mmala wa metsi;
- palo ya di-nutrient (keketseho ya di-nutrient e ka baka eutrophication)
- themperetjhara (ho nyoloha kapa ho theoha ha themperetjhara ho ka ba le sephetho dipheding tse angwang ke themperetjhara tse phelang metsing),
- palo ya diminerale le matswai (a mangata haholo a ka baka mathata a bophelo);
- ho fifala ha metsi (ho ka thiba di-gill tsa ditlhapi, dimela tse dulang tlase metsing ha di kgone ho iketsetsa dijo ka ha mahlasedi a letsatsi ha a kgone ho fihla ho tsona, keketseho ya bolwetse jwalo ka ha baktheria le divaerase di sebedisa dikarolwana tsa mobu jwalo ka mokgwa wa tsamaiso).
Ho rafa
Merafo e hlahisa dikgwerekgwere tse:
- tla eketsa palo ya diminerale le matswai metsing (a mangata haholo a ka baka mathata a bophelo);
- ka ama pH ya metsi (hore na ke asete, ho mahareng kapa ke alkaline);
- ka eketsang ho fifala ha metsi.
Temo
- E eketsa kgoholeho ya mobu ka baka la ho sitiswa ha mobu le ho lema, ho fula ho feta tekano, ho haha mebila. Hona tlisa ho fifala le palo ya matswai le diminerale metsing.
- Ho eketsa di-nutrient ka baka la menontsha le mantle, tse kenyang letsoho palong ya di-nitrate le di-phosphate phepelong ya metsi (hona ho ka baka eutrophication).
- Ho eketseha ha tshebediso ya dibolayadikokwanyana.
Tshebediso ya eneji
Jwalo ka ha palo ya batho e eketseha, ho hlokeha eneji e ngata bakeng sa dintho tseo batho ba di etsang, jwalo ka ho pheha, ho kgantsha, jj. Boholo ba eneji ya rona mona Afrika Borwa bo etswa ka mashala a beswang diteisheneng tsa matla mme hona ho ba le sephetho ho ntshetsa sulphur le nitrogen oxides tse ngata moyeng. Dikgase tsena ke tsona tse bakang pula ya asete haholo. Hape ho ntsha carbon dioxide, ho tswa mashaleng a beswang, ho eketsa ho futhumala ha lefatshe ka tsela e fetelletseng e tla baka mathata.
Tshilafatso ya metsi e etsahalang ka sewelo
Tshilafatso ya metsi e etsahalang ka sewelo e ka hlaha mehloding e mengata (jwalo ka dipeiping le ditankeng tse phatlohileng, ho dutla ho hoholo, mello le ho qhaleha ha oli) e ka bakang tshenyo e fapanang ka boholo, mme hona ho tla ya ka bokaakang, tjhefo e ka bakwang ke tshilafatso, le boholo le ho kgona ho fetoha ha mokga wa metsi.
Bokamoso
Haebe hona ke bona boemo ba metsi ha jwale, re reng ka bokamoso? Afrika Borwa e ka haha matamo a mang le dikema tsa ho transfera metsi, ho ntshwe letswai metsing a lewatle, ho fumanwe metsi ho tswa dinaheng tsa boahisani, jwalo ka Nokeng ya Zambezi e mane Zimbabwe; ho sebediswe hape metsi a dikgwerekgwere, kapa ho hlwekiswe metsi a ditshila a tswang merafong. Empa kaofela ha tsona ditharollo tsena di ja tjhelete e ngata haholo mme naha e ke ke ya kgona ho di lefela. Ka ho ya ka boleng ba metsi, batho ba Afrika Borwa ba ka hlwekisa dinoka e be ba beha difaene bakeng sa batho/dikhampani tseo tse silafatsang dinoka. Empa ditharollo tsena di shebana feela le karolo e nyenyane ya bothata. Re lokela ho shebana le sesosa sa bothata, ke hore, MEHOPOLO ya rona mabapi le metsi.
Bokamoso ba Afrika Borwa bo matsohong a RONA. Re KA etsa phapang. Re lokela feela ho utlwisisa tikoloho ya metsi le ka moo batho ba amehang ka teng ho yona. Kaofela ha rona re lokela ho ba “Bohlale ka Metsi”. Empa na ho bolelang ho ba "Bohlale ka Metsi"?
Ho ba “Bohlale ka Metsi” ho bolela hore motho o tla:
- ba le HLOMPHO e felletseng ya metsi le diphedi tsohle
- sebedisa metsi ka hloko mme a se ke a wa SENYA;
- netefatsa hore ha a SILAFATSE dinoka ke dikgwerekgwere tsa mekedikedi le tse tiileng
- LEFELA ditshebeletso tsa metsi;
- NKA MOHATO wa ho rarolla mathata afe kapa afe a metsi;
- BABALLA metsi, mme ka hoo o tla BABALLA tikoloho ya tlhaho.
Ka kakaretso, Afrika Borwa e na le phepelo e haellang ya metsi mme boleng ba metsi ana bo na le botshosetsi ba tshilafatso le ho sengwa ha dikgakeletso tsa dinoka. Metsi ke mohlodi wa bohlokwa mme ho mahetleng a batho BOHLE ba Afrika Borwa ho etsa dintho ka boikarabelo maphelong a bona letsatsi le letsatsi mme ba hlokomele mehlodi e leng teng ya metsi ho netefatsa hore phepelo ena e haellang e sebediswa ke diphedi tsohle mona lefatsheng. Ho bohlokwa haholo hore e mong le e mong a be "Bohlale ka Metsi".
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